Solution:
1. Find the name of audio card by:
$ cat /proc/asound/card0/codec* | grep Codec
2. After the last line, add a new line. This line let the laptop to recognize the audio card.
$ sudo vim /etc/modprobe.d/alsa-base.conf
My audio card name is: ALC892
options snd-hda-intel model=ALC892
Then reload:
$ sudo alsa force-reload
Next, enter command:
$ alsamixer
In the open window: turn on the option «HP/Speaker Auto Detect»
Note: after the above steps, you can also try to reboot your computer. Sometime it does the trick.
note 2:
https://askubuntu.com/questions/636081/analog-sound-output-does-not-appear-in-sound-settings
$ pactl load-module module-detect
the missing built-in Audio Analog Stereo suddenly appeared in the sound settings menu. As I chose it, I was able to hear the sound.
If you want this setting permanent, add the line:
load-module module-detect
to the default modules in /etc/pulse/default.pa